Which of the following is a valid manner of service for a summons or complaint?

• A. By certified mail
• B. Leaving a copy with person of suitable age at defendant's usual abode
• C. Posting on courthouse door
• D. Email service

Answer: (B)

The key idea here is proper service of process. For an individual defendant, one valid way to serve is to deliver a copy of the summons and complaint to a person of suitable age who lives at the defendant’s dwelling or usual place of abode. This method makes sure someone responsible is present to receive the papers and that the defendant is reasonably informed about the lawsuit, satisfying due process.

Other methods shown aren’t the standard, reliable ways to notify an individual in federal practice. Certified mail isn’t the default method unless the defendant agrees to service by mail or you’re following waiver procedures. Posting on the courthouse door doesn’t actually deliver the papers to the defendant and thus doesn’t constitute valid notice. Email service isn’t generally permitted for individuals unless the party has consented to electronic service or the court has ordered it.